Development of flow meter
As early as 1738, Swiss Daniel First Bernoulli used the differential pressure method to measure water flow based on the Bernoulli equation. Later, Italian G.B. Venturi studied using a Venturi tube to measure flow, and published his research results in 1791. In 1886, C. Herschel, an American, made a practical device for measuring water flow using a Venturi tube in the early to mid 20th century. The original measurement principles gradually matured, and people began to explore new measurement principles. Since 1910, the United States has been developing groove flow meters for measuring water flow in open channels. In 1922, R.L. Parshall reformed the original Churi Flume into Parshall Flume (named by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1929). From 1911 to 1912, T. von Carmen, a Hungarian American, proposed a new theory of Carmen Vortex Street. In the 1930s, methods for measuring the flow rate of liquids and gases using sound waves emerged, but significant progress was not made until World War II. It was not until 1955 that a Maxon flowmeter using the acoustic circulation method (two types) was used to measure the flow rate of aviation fuel. In 1945, A. Colin successfully measured blood flow using an alternating magnetic field. After the 1960s, instruments developed towards precision and miniaturization. For example, in order to improve the accuracy of differential pressure instruments, force balance differential pressure transmitters and capacitive differential pressure transmitters have emerged; In order to miniaturize the sensors of electromagnetic flow meters and improve the signal-to-noise ratio, electromagnetic flow meters using non-uniform magnetic fields and low-frequency excitation methods have emerged. With the rapid development of integrated circuit technology, ultrasonic (wave) flow meters with phase-locked loop technology have also been widely applied. The widespread application of microcomputers has further improved the ability of flow measurement, such as the use of microcomputers to process more complex signals in laser Doppler flow velocity meters.
The United States issued its first TUF patent as early as 1886, and the 1914 patent believed that the flow of TUF was related to frequency. The first TUF in the United States was developed in 1938 and was used for fuel flow measurement on aircraft. It was only after World War II that it gained true industrial application due to the urgent need for a high-precision and fast response flow meter for jet engines and liquid jet fuel. Nowadays, it has been widely applied in various departments such as petroleum, chemical industry, scientific research, national defense, and metrology.
Flow measurement was first started by the Swiss. In 1738, the famous Swiss physicist Daniel Bernoulli used the Bernoulli equation as the basis and used the differential pressure method to measure water flow.
Later, Italian physicist Venturi used a Venturi tube to measure flow rate and published research results.
In 1886, American Herschel used a Venturi tube to create a practical measuring device for measuring water flow.
From the early to mid-20th century, the original measurement principles gradually matured, and people no longer limited their thinking to the original measurement methods, but began new explorations. In 1910, Americans began research on slot flow meters, which were used to measure water flow in open channels. In 1922, Parshall reformed the measurement of water tanks into Parshall tanks.
At the same time as the development of slot flow meters, Hungarian American Carmen was studying vortex street theory. From 1911 to 1912, he proposed a new theory of Carmen vortex street.
In the 1930s, there was a method of exploring the use of sound waves to measure the flow rate of liquids and gases. However, no significant progress was made until World War II, and it was not until 1955 that the Maxon flowmeter using the sound circulation method was introduced to measure the flow rate of aviation fuel.
In 1945, Colin successfully measured blood flow using an alternating magnetic field.
After the 1960s, measuring instruments began to develop towards precision and miniaturization. For example, in order to improve the accuracy of differential pressure instruments, force balance differential pressure transmitters and capacitive differential pressure transmitters have emerged; In order to miniaturize the sensing of electromagnetic flow meters and improve signal-to-noise ratio, electromagnetic flow meters using non-uniform magnetic fields and low-frequency excitation methods have emerged. In addition, practical Karman vortex flow meters with wide measurement range and no active detection components were also introduced in the 1970s.
With the rapid development of integrated circuit technology, ultrasonic (wave) flow meters with phase-locked loop technology have also been widely used. The widespread application of microcomputers has further improved the ability of flow measurement. For example, laser Doppler flow meters can process more complex signals after being applied to microcomputers.
